Allegory: a story that has more than one meaning/ is symbolic of something. For example: in Lord of the Flies (DON'T write about it in a scholarship essay). The killing of the pig could be seen as the killing of their own societal order.
Alliteration: repetition of initial consonants. Creates a mood from the sound eg "clinical chemicals" sounds sterile in the harsh speaking of the words. Creates the impression that the subject is not a friendly one as the words themselves support.
Ballad: Type of poem: tells a story either true or fictional. Either humorous or tragic.
Blank Verse: Poem without rhyme
Caesura: a significant phrasal pause in a line. For Example: "the song is gone; the dance..."
Elegy: Type of poem: Serious, deals with mourning or sorrow.
Enjambment: A line that runs over to the next in continuity of sense. For example: E.E Cummings' 'My sweet old etcetera': "war could and what/is more did tell you..." The slash indicates that another line is being quoted.
Expository: concerned with ideas and opinions. For Example "it's expository of foot soldiers' experiences of war"
Free Verse: Type of poetic style: does not follow any particular pattern (like a limerick or a haiku does)
Literal/Figurative Imagery: literal imagery is direct description using diction etc, figurative creates a picture using metaphor, personification etc.
Incongruity: disharmony of elements. Strange juxtaposition. Sort of like irony. For example: The Crucible has a strange justice system. If you confess to being a witch you are not hanged, if you don't confess it's assumed you are a witch and are hanged anyway.
Lyric: a poem expressing personal emotion. Words of a song too. For Example: "the lyrical poem 'Because I could not stop for death' romanticises Death as a lover and a gentleman"
Montage: A collage of smaller ideas that create a fuller picture of an idea.
Motif: A recurring element in a text's makeup. Different to montage. For Example: the continual use of bars and the colour blue in Christopher Nolan's film Memento. Shows the constant barrier that Leonard's memory poses for him.
Quatrain: four lines in a stanza. Notice "quad" in "quatrain".
Refrain: a recurring phrase or verse, like a chorus.
Satire: Criticism by mockery. Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest is full of this
Syntax: The way in which words are arranged in the sentence
Theme: The main idea or subject behind a piece of literature
Tone: The author's attitude towards the subject of writing. How he wants the text to come across to the audience. The mood is the atmosphere created by this tone.
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